On antimatter weapons

 On antimatter weapons
1986 antimatter was first discovered, because a small amount of material with its antimatter interactions, can release enormous energy. Can be used as the trigger of a thermonuclear explosion, or a strong X-ray excitation or g-ray laser, antimatter research into the current national focus of the study. It is the most powerful nuclear weapons, the most important one. U.S. Fermi National Accelerator Institute, France and Switzerland in building the European Research Center, Russian high-energy physics research The are doing this study. Institute of China's anti-matter began in the early 80s, by the world famous nuclear physicist, discoverer of antimatter as a technical consultant Zhao Zhongyao, so the West called him About

the material world is composed of molecules, the molecules are made up of atoms, atomic nuclei and by electrons rotating around it, while the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. Scientists later discovered that protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles composed of antimatter weapons

, that smaller particles called quarks. So far, scientists have discovered the physical structure of the 5 levels that ) constitutes the material. Scientists have proven that constitute the world of all things anti-particle elementary particle has a mm and he , positively charged protons, and electrons and positively charged proton is negatively charged anti-particles, the former is known as the anti electronics, which is called the antiproton. like hydrogen atoms, there by anti-protons and anti-particles are electrons mm antihydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules by anti-anti-hydrogen material, that is, matter antimatter hydrogen.
early as 1928, Cambridge University professor Paul. Dirac predicted the existence of oppositely charged particles .4 years U.S. scientists Carl. Anderson discovered the positron, which is found to the first antiparticle. Later, the scientists also been discovered antiproton, neutron, found the anti-meson, overtake sub-and anti-quarks and so many antiparticle. China's famous nuclear scientist, a team led by Professor Wang Ganchang in 1959 also found a negative hyperon known as the anti sigma anti-particle of antimatter was first discovered In 1986, due to a very small amount of material each with its antimatter role, can release enormous energy. can be used as the trigger of a thermonuclear explosion, or a strong X-ray excitation, or g-ray laser, antimatter research into the current national focus of the study. It is the most powerful nuclear weapons, the most important one. U.S. Fermi National Accelerator Institute, France and Switzerland in building the European Research Centre, Institute of High Energy Physics in Russia to do the study. Institute of China's anti-matter began in the early 80s, by the world famous nuclear physicist, discoverer of antimatter Zhao Zhongyao as technical adviser, so the West called him only through the electron-positron collider piecemeal progress in the progress of such weapons as a reference.
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three weapons, the father of Kenneth. Edwards of passion.
Edwards said the three forest, there was a sudden explosion unprecedented.
Kenneth phase of its power.
Edwards in 1000 when the bomb exploded at the same time, hundreds of square kilometers of forest in the town was destroyed in the explosion. Science sector has so far still can not explain the cause of the explosion.
another . However, when only the United States, Soviet Union, Britain and a few other countries have nuclear weapons, nuclear explosions occurred in West Africa so far unknown reasons.
third . At that time, a Japanese plane flew over Alaska, co-pilot suddenly discovered that the plane suddenly appeared in front of a group of huge The pilot also saw the Guaixiang. However, these four planes landing, the crew and aircraft on the body and found no traces of radioactive contamination.
three puzzled the scientific community, scientific community until 1986, the study of antimatter breakthrough, the only person put forward: the three large explosions could be the result of anti-matter to play around.
After nearly a decade of research, 2009 Edwards, in September hosted a day, code-named Ministry building public toilets installed after the withdrawal of calm.
after the start of military operations, anti-matter bomb exploded, C State General Staff building and ancillary facilities were reduced to ashes, and carried by the soldier only five anti-matter bomb one ten-millionth gram! Subsequently, an antimatter bomb pulse in C over the country's electricity and communication networks detonated an instant, the country's military and social activities hh stare total paralysis of the Pentagon's senior official exclaimed: antimatter bomb that destroyed the Earth! atomic bombs, is the use of plutonium, the energy released by nuclear fission reactions made bombs, known as the plutonium bomb. China's first atomic bomb explosion, is the use of uranium fission reaction releases the energy of manufacture of bombs, known as the uranium bomb. they all belong to The first generation of nuclear weapons. A few years later, a successful hydrogen bomb test. H-bomb is the use of light nuclei (deuterium, tritium) fusion reaction releases the energy production of the bomb, with greater lethality, is the second generation of nuclear weapons. atomic and hydrogen bombs have the role of the five damage that the shock wave, light radiation, penetrating radiation, radioactive contamination and electromagnetic pulse.
was based on tactical needs, enhance or diminish the role of damage in a particular area of nuclear weapons, weapons experts to develop the third generation of nuclear weapons. such as: enhanced radiation weapon mm neutron bomb, and enhance the shock wave of nuclear weapons mm shells, enhanced nuclear radioactive contamination induced radioactivity mm shells, enhanced X-ray radiation of nuclear weapons mmX bombs, radioactive fallout of nuclear weapons to reduce the weak residual radioactivity mm weapons, and so on. The United States is actively developing power of less than 5,000 tons of TNT equivalent, with the precision guidance technology and weapons to destroy underground command library penetrating nuclear bombs, it also belongs to the third generation of nuclear weapons, in order to adapt to new situations, to meet the needs of modern warfare, weapons experts and the brains fourth-generation nuclear weapons research and development.
world everything has a ;. This mc ^ 2 energy released can be calculated: 1 mg of anti-matter > bullet, much more powerful hydrogen bomb.
easy antimatter bomb detonated. It is not to reach critical mass as the atomic bomb, even if the particular quality can cause tiny explosions: it is also not as demanding as the hydrogen bomb explosion ignition temperature. antimatter bomb there is a very important advantage, which is it with atomic and hydrogen bombs is different from residual radioactive material after the explosion is not, not to cause radioactive contamination. In short, the reason why anti-matter was chosen to produce the fourth generation of nuclear weapons, for three main reasons : ① antimatter weapons, high energy density, the explosive power of a large, ② antimatter production and use of the technical difficulty of the high cost of large, general state is not easy to master and implement, easy to superpower alone has: ③ antimatter weapons, although their nature belong to nuclear weapons, but The international community generally regard it as conventional weapons and therefore not subject to nuclear test ban treaty. how to make explosives, anti-material weapon?
So far, scientists have not found the existence of antimatter on the planet, then made two for antimatter ways: First, in the laboratory, and second, to the universe to find.
manufacturing test
to manufacture antimatter in the laboratory, scientists consider the hydrogen atom is the simplest atomic structure, and its nucleus only one proton, there is only one electron outside the core, it is relatively easy to create anti-hydrogen atoms. so they use particle accelerators to the proton nuclei collide, creating anti-protons: electrons from the radioactive decay of the release reaction is collected in a positron.
Manufacturing antiparticle another problem is how to safely store and preserve it. scientists come up with a magnetic device will reduce its speed to the speed of light, 1 / 10, then the magnetic field to do high-energy ; to slow down collected from the radioactive decay positron. In the end, slow down the negative protons and positrons in the electromagnetic field Development of an antimatter factories one by one in Geneva, Switzerland CERN to create the first anti-hydrogen atoms. in the world 9 39, Institute of co-operation of scientists, to the end of 2002, has produced about 50,000 antihydrogen atoms. But the production of antimatter can use from there is a great distance.
cosmic antimatter search
universe exist? from a philosophical point of view, the issue is easy to answer. Diagram of ancient China seems It also implies the existence of some astronomers think that there may exist, but modern astronomy also take no convincing evidence. deny anti-matter many people, the United States cosmologist Schramm (Schramm), said: Most theorists of intuition, there is no antimatter. This means that if you find it, it was a great discovery to prove that these theorists are all wrong. but most likely, which means you can not find it. is a well-deserved Nobel Prize. The probe was launched in 2005 and permanently stay in space, Southeast University, will also establish a data analysis center and training center to receive as supporting the project. Samuel Ting believes that if the existence of antimatter, as is When matter and antimatter collide can produce tremendous amounts of energy. He is now under the auspices of the Historically, people should be mentally prepared, maybe we will find something unexpected, something with the original want of nothing. br> object has a huge attraction, the huge gravitational pull, the various types of reactions will occur, and shine. extremes meet, Laplace (P? S? Laplace) was a bold prediction: the largest objects in the universe may be invisible. When the gravity increases with the quality, experience days, the area becomes a nothing, neither heat nor light, we now call by the invisible dark matter or anti-material composition, visual and astronomical instruments we can or other structures in the form of dark matter. Clearly, the enormous gravity of visible matter indicates the existence of dark matter or the existence of antimatter. but we can not detect light, infrared, ultraviolet and X-ray can not explore Midao their footprint.
Similarly, the corresponding structure of the existing system of galaxies, there is the opposite of the anti-structure of the universe by the system exist? as early as 1898, a British physicist put forward: the existence and substance, as corresponds to a mirror existence of antimatter. by the contemporary scientific standards and test conditions, the concept of antimatter without any basis in fact, it exists in the universe from the depths of the universe composed of antimatter stars in the cloud can only be a pure sense of the hypothesis.
1997 years when scientists announced discovered the looking for antimatter cosmic event, making this area became the focus of most scientists around the world.
to look for antimatter in the universe are never easy. vast universe where the existence of antimatter? unknown. Nobel Prize in Physics who have , Chinese-American scientists led by Professor Ding Zhaozhong is to implement a search for antimatter in the universe to the international space exploration plans of antimatter. to look for antimatter in the universe, particle physics requires advanced sensing device In 1998, sensing device developed in China . Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer to the space shuttle Discovery from the United States in space; another new Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer program assembled in 2008, powered by the U.S. spacecraft launch and continue to search for antimatter.
1997 年 United States 4 Astronomy Home announced that they found the use of satellite gamma-ray detection in the Milky Way about 3,500 light-years above there is a constant jet of antimatter antimatter source, it ejected the formation of anti-matter up to 2940 light years of a antimatter storage system, is dynamic rather than the other for static storage systems usually have internal self-energy systems, and some protective measures, in fact, antimatter is a storage structure is very sophisticated technology. the use of negative material Super repulsive force, to compress antimatter, due to the negative material is absolutely impossible because of ultra-repulsive and anti-material contact, it can be very well sealed antimatter, this is the ultimate anti-material storage methods, which can store very large amounts of antimatter.
Editor Features of this paragraph

1, although powerful, but its killing effect with less. a new generation of nuclear weapons to strengthen the nuclear reaction part of the killing effect, while factors that inhibit the production of other anti-sabotage;
2, means and goals of anti-anti-sabotage is more simple. new nuclear weapons can only use the explosion shock wave, or electromagnetic pulse, or other destructive elements destruction to attack specific targets or equipment so that users in the attack have a greater use of nuclear weapons choice, but also more flexible.
3, in the high-tech research methods is very high. However, because the mystery of antimatter itself is not opened, so the development of antimatter weapons are still a long way. To the anti-material weapon From vision to reality, but also the tireless efforts of scientists.
However, because the mystery of antimatter itself is not opened, so the development of antimatter weapons are still a long way. To the anti-material weapon from the vision into reality, but also the tireless efforts of scientists.
antimatter weapon is a kind of antimatter as energy, propellant or explosives, with the dream of super weapons, a large force. At present it has only exists in science fiction. but the U.S. Air Force has its possible military uses, including the devastating effect of an interest. Since the Cold War started, the start-funded anti-substance-related physics. The main advantage is that the theory of matter and antimatter collide 100% quality will be converted into energy ( high-energy gamma rays), while the use of hydrogen fusion reaction is approximately only 7% of the mass-energy conversion.
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prospects
costly manufacturing antimatter. At present, production is estimated 1 microgram of antimatter takes 6.0 billion. In addition, it is very difficult for the safe storage, even though scientists came up with a strong magnetic field 6.023x10 ^ 23 atoms need 个 inverse electron and the same number of antiprotons.
successfully manufactured antimatter weapons, antimatter particles of explosives as well
difficult way to go, and now, anti-material weapon can also be a new weapon concept.
military applications of antimatter great potential for attracting a strong military. the Pentagon on developing antimatter weapons are interested in spending huge sums to develop, the U.S. Air Force being a weapons program: Los Alamos and Lawrence. Livermore nuclear weapons research, Fermi Institute, and other related research is under way in many units. Russia from the former Soviet Union during the 50's began, the father of the hydrogen bomb in the Sa Ha Luofu engaged in anti-matter, under the leadership of weapons development work. Of course, for the development of the existence of antimatter weapons have been opposing views, from time to time hear the not only as a weapon of explosives, can also be used to make interplanetary navigation rockets, spacecraft, spacecraft super fuel. It has been calculated, with tens of milligrams of antimatter as fuel to promote the spacecraft, 6 weeks to get to Mars.
Editor This paragraph concerns

Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University historian, scientist George. Dyson pointed out that the antimatter so-called Even more frightening, because it is more likely to put into actual combat. ordinary atomic and hydrogen bombs generally as a strategic deterrent, basically impossible in a conventional war or the use of local wars.
because in addition to powerful conventional weapons, it will also produce nuclear radiation, will pollute the theater of soil, water and air, and radiation biology and plant damage caused by large, causing a humanitarian disaster. The use of anti-material weapon is relatively weapons, then, the U.S. military on the battlefield will be more cynical mm because it has no nuclear residue, the U.S. military may be classified as conventional weapons.
military experts of this concern is not without reason. Back in 2004 years, the progress of their research publicly Edwards, many countries have accelerated the progress of anti-matter weapons research, France and Switzerland, jointly built by the European Anti-Matter Research Center, High Energy Physics Institute of the Russian military has also made use of anti-matter, and significant progress. terrible
2008 年 9 months of the day, Edwards suddenly appeared the Pentagon, U.S. military officials to report his latest findings.
developed an efficient long-term storage of antimatter container, which means that the military uses of antimatter will become a reality! hereby chaired a day, code-named After installing toilets ease withdrawal.
after the start of military operations, anti-matter bomb exploded, C State General Staff building and ancillary facilities were reduced to ashes, and carried by the soldier's anti-matter bomb is only 1 / 50000000 g! Subsequently, an antimatter bomb pulse in C over the country's electricity and communication networks detonated a flash, the country's military and social activities hh stare total paralysis of the Pentagon's senior official exclaimed: destroy the earth by! ; (particles smaller than atoms) has a corresponding anti-matter, if the two substances to crashing, then they will disappear, and release tremendous amounts of energy. amazing is that, with nuclear bombs is different from When antimatter bomb will not lead to nuclear radiation, is a explained: ;
However, this is John Edwards called . Dyson pointed out that in a conventional war or the use of local wars. because in addition to powerful conventional weapons, it will also produce nuclear radiation, will pollute the theater of the soil, water and air, and biological and radiation caused enormous damage plants, causing a humanitarian disaster. The use of antimatter weapons are relatively conventional weapons.
military experts of this concern is not without reason. Back in 2004, Edwards disclose their research progress, many countries have accelerated the progress of anti-matter weapons research, France and Switzerland, jointly built by the European Anti-Matter Research Centre, Institute of High Energy Physics Russian military use of antimatter are also doing research, and br> Edit this paragraph the relevant literature

Movies released in May 2009

Edit this paragraph end of super-weapons
explore the legend of mankind and the reality
antimatter weapons seemed like a distant dream, opponents ridiculed it is a paper tiger, a Feel free to use this power in more than 10,000 times the super-atomic bomb.
movies, games, or real
Yes, the film is not the real protagonist Tom. Hanks or Ivan. McGregor, but a called The energy future of the world mean? Angels and Demons!
film is atrocious to put a mysterious antimatter weapons exposure to the public. In fact, the A few years ago in the computer game .
However, the real antimatter weapons have become the focus of national military, it is designed from a U.S. military computer deduction. It is not a game, nor is it a movie, but in the preview of a future entirely possible war. The code-named General Staff, carry the weight of only 1 / 50000000 with a micro-grams of antimatter bomb, placed it in the toilet, after the withdrawal of the implementation of detonation, which the military building and ancillary buildings were razed in Xu Yujian the ground. Then, another an antimatter bomb pulse power and communication networks in the country detonated over a country's military and social activities were completely paralyzed hh Pentagon generals after the demonstration, exclaimed, antimatter bombs could destroy the entire planet! Scientists are all over the world through a high-energy particle accelerator to hit, trying to create anti-matter. The new bomb of such disasters to make reasonable and convincing explanation. and this is the country's capital city if it means the country's modern wars could easily be completely destroyed.
a subsidiary in the United States Department of Defense called ; defense high-tech Research Projects Agency , the name of a series of mysterious and compelling, This is most aggressive to the appear in the reality may be.
br> We are the scene of a variety of macroscopic objects in nature to the microscopic origin of reduction, they are made of protons, neutrons and electrons formed by 1928, Cambridge University professor Paul. Dirac through mathematical calculations, there are two proposed electronic form of existence, in addition to the negatively charged electrons, there are positively charged electrons. with negatively charged electrons called positrons, positively charged electrons called the anti-E. when people disagree, but two years later, Dirac theory is scientific evidence shows that is correct, this is the first step in awareness of antimatter .20-century 50's, with the antiproton and anti-neutron was discovered, people began to clearly realize that any elementary particles in nature have there is a corresponding antiparticle.
in particle physics, antimatter extends the concept of anti-particles, antimatter is formed by anti-particles, like ordinary matter is composed of as ordinary particles. Einstein's special theory of relativity tells us , mass and energy are equivalent. So everything the world has a . calculated the energy released: 1 mg of anti-matter The power of the explosion equivalent to 1,000 atomic bombs together, hundreds of square kilometers of the towns and forests are instantly destroyed. because there is no more reasonable explanation, speculation that the culprit is most likely antimatter meteorite from outer space, over the Tunguska River combined with the release of large amounts of energy are substances caused the disaster.
particle collider and the space search
in the universe we can observe the range, still have not found the existence of antimatter, that is, anti-material in nature is can not be found. So, you want to get anti-matter is only in the laboratory, artificial, or into space to look for.
be sure to mankind is the technology already exists to create a moment of antimatter a In 1996 January, the European particle collider scientists won nine anti-hydrogen atoms, but in the billionths of seconds after the dispersion for anti-protons and anti-electronic, but still marks the human has been able to produce antimatter the. artificial anti-particles are often very unstable, and development costs were prohibitively high, It is estimated that extracting one gram of each need to spend hundreds of billions out of 60 million. due to technical difficulties too, major European and American companies seeking joint weapons cooperation in the development of antimatter weapons. Even so, due to funding costly and have little effect, opposition has never, to suspend the relevant tests from time to time rumors spread. Of course, in fact, the United States never really stopped the development of anti-material weapon.
Then there is the reality of outer space for human use of anti-matter it? 1979, American scientists of a giant balloon 60 stories high into the altitude of 35 kilometers from the ground, the balloon carrying a very sensitive detection equipment. results It is in the hunt for the 28 high-altitude anti-protons. This is the first discovered outside the earth antimatter. In theory, the vast universe, there are numerous high-speed particles, is like a natural accelerator in Earth orbit or the moon can be built on large area space in the collection device to accept the anti-matter, a substantial increase in production. but to look for antimatter in the universe is also not easy, first of all do not know where, then you must use the advanced particle physics sensing device, and such equipment is too heavy most of the huge be installed in the space-based platforms will also make huge technical challenge and the astronomical cost of capital.
although very difficult, but it does give the space a mysterious man infinite hope. as April 1997, the United States Astronomers announced that they found the use of satellite gamma-ray detection in the Milky Way galaxy about 3,500 light-years above there is a constant jet of antimatter antimatter source, which spray out of the formation of anti-matter up to 2940 light years of a br> Nobel Prize winner, Chinese-American scientist Professor Ding Zhaozhong antimatter research is the expert, he led the international space exploration plans of antimatter, a total of U.S., China, Russia, more than 10 countries (regions) of 37 research institutions in urgent which .1998 June 2, United States,